Tooth Decay
Caries, or tooth decay, is a preventable disease. When teeth are consistently exposed to large amounts of dietary starches and sugars, bacteria that normally reside in the mouth break down these sugars and produce acid as a by-product. These acids begin to eat away at tooth enamel and cause cavities. 
Tooth decay is a result of acids demineralizing the structure of the tooth, destroying it and providing a pathway for more bacteria and acids to penetrate deeper and deeper into the tooth. Small cavities can be easily repaired but larger ones can require much more extensive restoration and if left unchecked, caries can cause the loss of the tooth.
Sensitive Teeth
Your teeth expand and contract in reaction to changes in temperature. Hot and cold food and beverages can cause discomfort or pain to people with sensitive teeth. Over time, tooth enamel can be worn down, gums may recede exposing sensitive root surfaces or teeth may develop microscopic cracks, causing the teeth to become more sensitive. People with a tendency for sensitivity may find the consistent consumption of acidic fruits (oranges, pineapples, green apples etc.) or the use of tartar-control toothpastes to exacerbate tooth sensitivity. Often, modifying the diet or changing to a desensitizing toothpaste can help this problem. For people with very sensitive root surfaces, the professional placement of root desensitizers or even small fillings can alleviate their symptoms.
Gum Disease
Gum, or periodontal disease is a bacterial infection which attacks the supporting structures of the tooth, leading to inflammation, pocket formation, bone loss and ultimately tooth loss. Gum disease begins with a sticky, whitish film of bacteria called plaque. Plaque formation is normal, and control of plaque is the primary reason teeth need to be brushed and flossed. The early stage of gum disease is known as gingivitis and is characterized by red, swollen gums which bleed easily. As the disease progresses to periodontitis, deep pockets under the gum line form, leading to massive accumulations of disease causing bacteria. These deep pockets are difficult to clean and often cause a rapid increase in the rate of destruction of gum and bone around the teeth. If the process advances unchecked, teeth may become loose, infected or painful and need to be removed. Gum disease is a preventable condition for most people. Studies are beginning to suggest a link between periodontal (gum) disease and other more systemic conditions such as heart disease.
Bad Breath (Halitosis)
Daily brushing and flossing are important in controlling bad breath by removing food debris and bacterial plaque from the mouth. Food particles left in the mouth deteriorate, releasing malodorous compounds. Uncontrolled plaque leads to gum disease and bacterial growth, which also contributes to bad breath. While certain foods, such as garlic or anchovies, may create temporary bad breath, consistent bad breath may also be a sign of gum disease or another dental problem. It is also important to realize that the tongue can accumulate substantial amounts of bacterial plaque and is a major contributor to bad breath. To brush the tongue, open as wide as possible, stick your tongue out attempting to touch the tip of the tongue to your chin. Begin at the back and brush forward toward the tip of the tongue until plaque is removed. Additionally, those who are dehydrated or have a dry mouth due to medications will tend to notice a bad taste in the mouth or bad breath. Make sure you are well hydrated and get plenty of water during the day. The combination of brushing, flossing and tongue brushing will control halitosis for most people.
Canker Sores
Canker sores (aphthous ulcers) are small sores inside the mouth that often recur. Generally lasting one or two weeks, the duration of canker sores can be reduced by the use of antimicrobial mouthwashes or topical agents. The canker sore has a white or gray base surrounded by a red border.
Yellowing Dark Teeth
Many factors can cause your teeth to yellow and darken as you get older, including your diet, medications, tobacco or improper oral hygiene. We have two treatment options – teeth whitening and porcelain veneers – available to help bring back your bright, white smile. In our office, we have Zoom! and BriteSmile whitening systems available. Both treatments are very safe and effective and can yield results in a little over an hour. These specially designed procedures gently break down stains on your teeth to put the sparkle back in your smile. Porcelain veneers are another option to treat dark, yellow teeth. Porcelain veneers are thin, semi-translucent shells that are permanently bonded to your teeth. With a more translucent appearance, veneers can give you a very natural-looking, aesthetically pleasing smile.
Missing Teeth
Missing teeth can be caused by trauma, periodontal disease or lack of development in the dentition. Without proper treatment, the adjacent teeth can begin to shift and chewing and speech problems can develop. Implants are one option to replace missing teeth. Dental implants function just as your natural teeth do, offering you more comfort and stability. Fixed bridges can also replace missing teeth. A fixed bridge is a popular option that consists of a filler tooth that is attached to two crowns, which fit over the existing teeth to hold the bridge in place. We also offer partial dentures to replace missing teeth in our office. As opposed to completed dentures that cover a patient's entire jaw, partial dentures, with their metal framework, can replace multiple missing teeth. With improved technology and updated materials, dentists can now make them appear more natural and more comfortable for the patient.